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Click on any standard to search for aligned resources. This data may be subject to copyright. You may download a CSV of the Arizona Social Studies Standards if your intention constitutes fair use.
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Historical research is a process in which students examine topics or questions related to historical studies and/or current issues. By using primary and secondary sources effectively students obtain accurate and relevant information.
a) timelines - B.C.E. and B.C.; C.E. and A.D.; b) graphs, tables, charts, and maps.
Describe the difference between primary and secondary sources.
Describe how archaeological research adds to our understanding of the past.
Current events and issues continue to shape our nation and our involvement in the global community.
Describe current events using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps).
Discuss the connections between current and historical events and issues from content studied in Strand 1 using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps).
Describe the influence of key individuals (e.g., Sandra Day O'Connor, Carl Hayden, Ernest W. McFarland, Barry Goldwater, Cesar Chavez, John McCain) in Arizona.
Discuss the contributions of diverse populations to Arizona.
The geographic, political, economic and cultural characteristics of early civilizations made significant contributions to the later development of the United States.
a) characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies; b) development of agriculture.
Describe the cultures and contributions of the Mogollon, Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi), and Hohokam (e.g., location, agriculture, housing, arts, trade networks; adaptation and alteration of the environment).
Identify other groups (e.g., Patayan, Sinagua, Salado) residing in the Southwest during this period.
Identify the early civilizations (e.g., Maya, Aztec, Inca/Inka) that developed into empires in Central and South America.
Recognize the achievements and features (e.g., mathematics, astronomy, architecture) of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan/Inkan civilizations.
The varied causes and effects of exploration, settlement, and colonization shaped regional and national development of the U.S.
a) Cabeza de Vaca; b) Estevan; c) Fray Marcos de Niza; d) Francisco Vasques de Coronado.
a) establishment of missions and presidios; b) lifestyle changes of native people; c) contributions of Father Kino.
Describe the location and cultural characteristics of Native American tribes (e.g., O'odham, Apache, Hopi) during the Spanish period.
Westward expansion, influenced by political, cultural, and economic factors, led to the growth and development of the U.S.
Recognize the change of governance of the Southwest from Spain to Mexico as a result of the Mexican Revolution.
Describe the influence of American explorers and trappers (e.g., James O. Pattie, Kit Carson, Bill Williams) on the development of the Southwest.
a) Mexican - American War; b) Mexican Cession (Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo); c) Gadsden Purchase.
Describe the impact of Native Americans, Hispanics, and newcomers from the United States and the world on the culture of Arizona (e.g., art, language, architecture, mining, ranching).
a) Indian Wars; b) Navajo Long Walk; c) formation of reservations.
Regional conflicts led to the Civil War and resulted in significant changes to American social, economic, and political structures.
a) Battle of Picacho Peak; b) Battle of Apache Pass; c) Arizona becomes a territory.
Economic, social, and cultural changes transformed the U.S. into a world power.
Describe the advent of innovations in transportation (e.g., steamboats, freighting, stagecoaches, railroads) that helped Arizona's growth and economy.
Identify key individuals and groups (e.g., Charles Poston, Sharlot Hall, Buffalo Soldiers, Geronimo, George W.P. Hunt, Manuelito, Cochise) related to Arizona territorial days and early statehood.
Recognize that Arizona changed from a territory to a state on February 14, 1912.
Recognize the formation of Native American communities and reservations in Arizona (e.g., Gila River Reservation, Yaquis, Colorado River Indian Tribes).
Domestic and world events, economic issues, and political conflicts redefined the role of government in the lives of U.S. citizens.
a) poverty; b) unemployment; c) loss of homes or businesses; d) migration.
Describe the reasons (e.g., German and Japanese aggression) for the U.S. becoming involved in World War II.
Describe the impact of World War II on Arizona (e.g., economic boost, military bases, Native American and Hispanic contributions, POW camps, relocation of Japanese Americans).
Describe how lives were affected during World War II (e.g., limited goods, women worked in factories, increased patriotism).
Postwar tensions led to social change in the U.S. and to a heightened focus on foreign policy.
Describe changes (e.g., population growth, economic growth, cultural diversity, civil rights) that took place in Arizona during the postwar era.
Historical research is a process in which students examine topics or questions related to historical studies and/or current issues.
a) timelines - B.C.E. and B.C.; C.E. and A.D.; b) graphs, tables, charts, and maps.
Describe the difference between primary and secondary sources.
Describe how archaeological research adds to our understanding of the past.
People of different regions developed unique civilizations and cultural identities characterized by increased interaction, societal complexity and competition.
a) life in castles; b) knights traveling to new places during the Crusades; c) desire for new routes to the Indies.
Innovations, discoveries, exploration, and colonization accelerated contact, conflict, and interconnection among societies world wide, transforming and creating nations.
Describe the reasons (e.g., trade routes, gold) for Spanish and Portuguese explorations of the Americas.
Describe the impact of European explorers' encounters with the Aztec and Inca/Inka.
The nations of the contemporary world are shaped by their cultural and political past. Current events, developments and issues continue to shape the global community.
Describe current events using information from class discussions and various resources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, books, maps).
The United States democracy is based on principles and ideals that are embodied by symbols, people and documents.
a) Great Seal of the United States; b) Arizona symbols (e.g., seal, flag); c) war memorials (e.g., Pearl Harbor- Arizona Memorial, WW II, Korean, and Vietnam Memorials).
a) Preamble of the U.S. Constitution; b) Bill of Rights; c) Statement of Natural Rights as found in the Declaration of Independence (We hold these truths to be self evident...) (Note: Aligns to State Statute)
a) locations of capital; b) founding people; c) Arizona's constitution.
a) shared principles, goals, customs and traditions; b) diversity in one's school and community; c) benefits and challenges of a diverse population.
The United States structure of government is characterized by the separation and balance of powers.
Describe different levels of government (e.g., local, tribal, state, national).
Laws and policies are developed to govern, protect, and promote the well-being of the people.
Describe the responsibilities of state government (e.g., making laws, enforcing laws, collecting taxes).
Describe the responsibilities (e.g., determining land use, enforcing laws, overlapping responsibilities with state government) of the local government.
The rights, responsibilities and practices of United States citizenship are founded in the Constitution and the nation's history.
Discuss ways an individual can contribute to a school or community.
Identify traits of character (e.g., responsibility, respect, perseverance, loyalty, integrity, involvement, justice and tolerance) that are important to the preservation and improvement of democracy.
Describe the importance of citizens being actively involved in the democratic process (e.g., voting, campaigning, civil and community service, volunteering, jury duty).
The spatial perspective and associated geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places and environments.
Use different types of maps to solve problems (i.e., road maps -distance, resource maps-products, historical maps- boundaries, thematic map- climates).
a) title; b) compass rose (cardinal and intermediate directions); c) symbols; d) legend; e) scale; f) road map index; g) grid (latitude and longitude).
Construct maps using symbols to represent human and physical features.
Construct charts and graphs to display geographic information.
a) physical - (i.e., river, lake, mountain, range, coast, sea, desert, gulf, bay, strait, plain, valley, volcanoes, isthmus, canyon, plateau, mesa, oasis, dunes); b) human - (i.e., equator, four hemispheres, city, state, country, harbor, dams, territory, county).
a) physical (i.e., river, lake, mountain range, coast, sea, desert, gulf, bay, strait); b) human (i.e., equator four hemispheres, city, state, country, roads, railroads).
a) physical (e.g., Grand Canyon, Mogollon Rim, Colorado River, Gila River, Salt River); b) human (e.g., Phoenix, Yuma, Flagstaff, Tucson, Prescott, Hoover Dam, Roosevelt Dam).
Places and regions have distinct physical and cultural characteristics.
Describe how the Southwest has distinct physical and cultural characteristics.
Describe ways in which Arizona has changed over time from statehood to today.
Locate the landform regions of Arizona (plateau, mountain, desert) on a map.
Compare the landform regions of Arizona according to their physical features, plants, and animals.
Describe how regions and places (e.g., Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Casa Grande Ruin, Canyon de Chelly, Yucatan Peninsula) have distinct characteristics.
Physical processes shape the Earth and interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems. These processes affect the distribution of resources and economic development.
Describe how natural events and human activities impact environments.
Understand processes acting on the earth (erosion, floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires) and evidence of their occurrence.
Understand characteristics of weather conditions and climate.
Human cultures, their nature, and distribution affect societies and the Earth.
Describe the factors (push and pull) that have contributed to the settlement, economic development (e.g., mining, ranching, agriculture, and tourism), and growth of major Arizona cities.
Describe how Mexico and Arizona are connected by the movement of people, goods, and ideas.
Describe how the building of transportation routes (e.g., trails, stage routes, railroad) resulted in human settlement and economic development in Arizona.
Describe the cultural characteristics (e.g., food, clothing, housing, sports, customs, beliefs) of Arizona's diverse population.
Describe the major economic activities and land use patterns (e.g., agricultural, industrial, residential, commercial, recreational, harvesting of natural resources) of regions studied.
Describe elements of culture in areas studied (e.g., Mexico, Central and South America).
Human and environmental interactions are interdependent upon one another. Humans interact with the environment- they depend upon it, they modify it; and they adapt to it. The health and well-being of all humans depends upon an understanding of the interconnections and interdependence of human and physical systems.
Describe human dependence on the physical environment and natural resources to satisfy basic needs.
Describe the impact of extreme natural events (e.g., fires, volcanoes, floods, droughts) on human and physical environments.
Describe the impact of human modifications (e.g., dams, mining, air conditioning, irrigation, agricultural) on the physical environment and ecosystems.
Geographic thinking (asking and answering geographic questions) is used to understand spatial patterns of the past, the present, and to plan for the future.
Describe the impact of geographic features (e.g., rivers, mountains, resources, deserts, climate) on migration and the location of human activities (e.g., exploration, mining, transportation routes, settlement patterns).
Discuss geographic knowledge and skills related to current events.
Use geography concepts and skills (e.g., recognizing patterns, mapping, graphing) to find solutions for local, state or national problems (e.g., shortage or abundance of natural resources).
The foundations of economics are the application of basic economic concepts and decision-making skills. This includes scarcity and the different methods of allocation of goods and services.
Identify that specialization improves standards of living (e.g., medical care, home building, agriculture).
Give examples of how voluntary exchanges of goods and services can be mutually beneficial (e.g., ice cream vendor receives money, child receives ice cream; doctor receives monetary benefit, patient receives care).
Microeconomics examines the costs and benefits of economic choices relating to individuals, markets and industries, and governmental policies.
Explain how price incentives affect peoples' behavior and choices, such as colonial decisions about what crops to grow and which products to produce.
Describe why (e.g., schools, fire, police, libraries) state and local governments collect taxes.
Describe how education, skills, and career choices affect income.
Identify the role of financial institutions in providing services (e.g., savings accounts, loans).
Decision-making skills foster a person's individual standard of living. Using information wisely leads to better informed decisions as consumers, workers, investors and effective participants in society.
