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Click on any standard to search for aligned resources. This data may be subject to copyright. You may download a CSV of the Arkansas Science Learning Standards if your intention constitutes fair use.
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Compare and contrast the following acid/base theories: Arrhenius Theory Bronsted-Lowry Theory Lewis Theory
Name and write formulas for acids, bases and salts: binary acids ternary acids ionic compounds
Use acid-base equilibrium constants to develop and explain: ionization constants percent of ionization common ion effect
Perform a titration to solve for the concentration of an acid or base
Compare and contrast the different ways in which substances cross the plasma membrane: diffusion and osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport filtration endocytosis exocytosis
Describe the structure and function of organelles and cell parts
Differentiate among replication, transcription, and translation
Summarize the discoveries of the subatomic particles Rutherfords gold foil Chadwicks discovery of the neutron Thomsons cathode ray Millikans Oil Drop
Explain the historical events that led to the development of the current atomic theory
Analyze an atoms particle position, arrangement, and charge using: proton neutron electron
Compare the magnitude and range of nuclear forces to magnetic forces and gravitational forces
Draw and explain nuclear symbols and hyphen notations for isotopes: nuclear symbol: XA Z Where Hyphen notation: X ? A Where X = element symbol; A = the mass number; Z = atomic number; the number of neutrons = A ? Z
Determine the arrangement of subatomic particles in the ion(s) of an atom
Correlate emissions of visible light with the arrangement of electrons in atoms: quantum c = v? Where v = frequency ; ? = wavelength
Apply the following rules or principles to model electron arrangement in atoms: Aufbau Principle (diagonal filling order) Hunds Rule Paulis Exclusion Principle
Predict the placement of elements on the Periodic Table and their properties using electron configuration
Demonstrate electron placement in atoms using the following notations: orbital notations electron configuration notation Lewis electron dot structures
Explain the properties of metals due to delocalized electrons: molecular orbital model
Compare and contrast the properties of crystalline solids: ionic covalent network covalent molecular metallic
Determine ion formation tendencies for groups on the Periodic Table: main group elements transition elements
Use the electronegativitiy chart to predict the bonding type of compounds: ionic polar covalent non-polar covalent
Draw Lewis structures to show valence electrons for covalent bonding: lone pairs shared pairs hybridization resonance
Determine the properties of covalent compounds based upon double and triple bonding
Predict the polarity and geometry of a molecule based upon shared electron pairs and lone electron pairs: VSEPR Model
Identify the strengths and effects of intermolecular forces (van der Waals): hydrogen bonding dipole-dipole dipole-induced dipole dispersion forces (London)
Describe relationships within a community: predation competition parasitism mutualism commensalism
Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the cardiovascular system
Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the immune and lymphatic systems
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the immune and lymphatic systems
Describe disorders associated with the immune and lymphatic systems
Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the respiratory system
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the digestive system
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the urinary system
Describe the components and the organization of the reproductive system
Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the reproductive system
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the reproductive system
Identify the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the integumentary system
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of muscle
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the nervous system
Identify the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular structure of the endocrine system
Compare and contrast chemical and physical properties of matter, including but not limited to flammability, reactivity, density, buoyancy, viscosity, melting point and boiling point
Identify the mole and amu (atomic mass unit) as units of measurement in chemistry
Calculate the molar mass of compounds based on average atomic mass.
Compare and contrast chemical and physical changes, including but not limited to rusting, burning, evaporation, boiling and dehydration
Discuss and model the relative size and placement of sub-atomic particles
Illustrate the placement of electrons in the first twenty elements using energy levels and orbitals
Model the valence electrons using electron dot structures (Lewis electron dot structures)
Explain the role of valence electrons in determining chemical properties
Create and label heat versus temperature graphs (heating curves): solid liquid gas triple point heat of fusion heat of vaporization
Compare and contrast endothermic and exothermic reactions as energy is transferred
Compare and contrast the emissions produced by radioactive decay: alpha particles beta particles gamma rays
Identify and write balanced chemical equations: decomposition reaction synthesis reaction single displacement reaction double displacement reaction combustion reaction
Predict the product(s) of a chemical reaction when given the reactants using chemical symbols and words
Balance chemical equations using the Law of Conservation of Mass
Compare and contrast the properties of reactants and products of a chemical reaction
Examine factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions, including but not limited to temperature, light, concentration, catalysts, surface area, pressure
Identify the observable evidence of a chemical reaction: formation of a precipitate production of a gas color change changes in heat and light
Relate fire safety measures to conditions necessary for combustion
Summarize carbon bonding: allotropes (diamond, graphite, fullerenes) carbon-carbon (single, double, triple) isomers (branched, straight-chain, ring)
Identify organic compounds by their: formula structure properties functional groups
Describe organic compounds and their functions in the human body: carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids
Explain the basic assumptions and conclusions of the atomic theory
Explain the role of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds in the human body
Write simple formulas and chemical word equations for the four basic types of reactions: synthesis decomposition single replacement double replacement
Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Differentiate among the different domains: Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Describe the characteristics used to classify protists: ? plant-like ? animal-like ? fungal-like
Describe the structure and function of the major parts of a plant: ? roots ? stems ? leaves ? flowers
Relate the structure of plant tissue to its function epidermal ground vascular
Differentiate the characteristics of the six kingdoms: Eubacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Identify the symmetry of organisms: ? radial ? bilateral ? asymmetrical
Compare and contrast the major invertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems
Compare and contrast the major vertebrate classes according to their nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, digestive, reproductive and integumentary systems
Identify the seven major taxonomic categories: kingdom phylum class order family genus species
Classify and name organisms based on their similarities and differences applying taxonomic nomenclature using dichotomous keys
Investigate Arkansas' biodiversity using appropriate tools and technology
Compare and contrast the structures and characteristics of viruses (lytic and lysogenic cycles) with non-living and living things
Compare and contrast life cycles of familiar organisms ? sexual reproduction ? asexual reproduction ? metamorphosis ? alternation of generations
Classify bacteria according to their characteristics and adaptations
List and explain the factors which affect the rate of a reaction and the relationship of these factors to chemical equilibrium: reversible reactions reaction rate nature of reactants concentration temperature catalysis
Solve problems developing an equilibrium constant or the concentration of a reactant or product: mA + nB? sP + rQ mA + nB ? sP + rQ [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
Explain the relationship of LeChateliers Principle to equilibrium systems: temperature pressure concentration
Describe the application of equilibrium and kinetic concepts to the Haber Process: high concentration of hydrogen and nitrogen removal of ammonia precise temperature control use of a contact catalyst high pressure
Diagram the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and water cycles in an ecosystem
Analyze an ecosystems energy flow through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids
Identify and predict the factors that control population, including predation, competition, crowding, water, nutrients, and shelter
Summarize the symbiotic ways in which individuals within a community interact with each other: ? commensalism ? parasitism ? mutualism
Compare and contrast primary succession with secondary succession
Identify the properties of each of the five levels of ecology: ? organism ? population ? community ? ecosystem ? biosphere
Analyze the effects of human population growth and technology on the environment/biosphere
Evaluate long range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal in terms of their environmental, economic, and political impact
Assess current world issues applying scientific themes (e.g., global changes in climate, epidemics, pandemics, ozone depletion, UV radiation, natural resources, use of technology, and public policy)
Compute the electric potential for various charge distributions:
Construct a circuit to produce a pre-determined value of an Ohms law variable
Use the first right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on the charge moving through a magnetic field
Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field
Describe how the change in the number of magnetic field lines through a circuit loop affects the magnitude and direction of the induced current
Calculate the induced electromagnetic field (emf) and current using Faradays law of induction: t AB emf N ? ? = ? [ (cos? )] Where N = number of loops in the circuit
Demonstrate the relationship of the kinetic theory as it applies to gas particles: molecular motion elastic collisions temperature pressure ideal gas
Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume on the number of moles of gas particles in chemical reactions
Calculate the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume to gases
Calculate volume/mass relationships in balanced chemical reaction equations
Summarize the outcomes of Gregor Mendels experimental procedures
Differentiate among the laws and principles of inheritance: ? dominance ? segregation ? independent assortment
Use the laws of probability and Punnett squares to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios
Examine different modes of inheritance: ? sex linkage ? codominance ? crossing over ? incomplete dominance ? multiple alleles
Analyze the historically significant work of prominent geneticists
Describe the Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA, using the base-pairing rule (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine)
Describe and model the processes of replication, transcription, and translation
Compare and contrast the different types of mutation events, including point mutation, frameshift mutation, deletion, and inversion
Identify effects of changes brought about by mutations: ? beneficial ? harmful ? neutral
Compare and contrast Lamarcks explanation of evolution with Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection
Recognize that evolution involves a change in allele frequencies in a population across successive generations
Analyze the effects of mutations and the resulting variations within a population in terms of natural selection
Evaluate evolution in terms of evidence as found in the following: fossil record DNA analysis artificial selection morphology embryology viral evolution geographic distribution of related species antibiotic and pesticide resistance in various organisms
Compare the processes of relative dating and radioactive dating to determine the age of fossils
Calculate heat energy of the different phase changes of a substance: Q = mCp?T Q = mLf Q = mLv Where L f = Latent heat of fusion; Lv = Latent heat of vaporization
Describe how the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of energy conversion
Calculate heat, work, and the change in internal energy by applying the first law of thermodynamics: ?U = Q ?W Where ?U = change in systems internal energy
Calculate the efficiency of a heat engine by using the second law of thermodynamics: c h h c h net Q Q Q Q Q W Eff = ? ? = = 1 WhereQh =energy added as heat ;Qc = energy removed as heat
Distinguish between entropy changes within systems and the entropy change for the universe as a whole
Define enthalpy and entropy and explain the relationship to exothermic and endothermic reactions: ?H < U = exothermic reaction ?H > U = endothermic reaction
Define free energy in terms of enthalpy and entropy: ?G = ?H ?T?S ?G < 0 = spontaneous reaction ?S > 0 = increase in disorder ?S < 0 = decrease in disorder
Calculate entropy, enthalpy, and free energy changes in chemical reactions: ? ? ? ?H(rxn) = ?H f ( products) ? ?H f (reac tan ts) ? ? ? ?G(rxn) = ?Gf ( products) ? ?Gf (reac tan ts) ? ? ? ?S(rxn) = ?S( products) ? ?S(reac tan ts)
Define specific heat capacity and its relationship to calorimetric measurements: q m T Cp = (? )
Determine the heat of formation and the heat of reaction using enthalpy values and the Law of Conservation of Energy
Explain the role of activation energy and collision theory in chemical reactions
Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in living systems: carbohydrates proteins enzymes lipids nucleic acids
Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s)
Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life: surface tension adhesion cohesion polarity pH
Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems: activation energy exergonic reactions endergonic reactions
Analyze the meiotic maintenance of a constant chromosome number from one generation to the next
Describe the role of sub-cellular structures in the life of a cell: ? organelles ? ribosomes ? cytoskeleton
Relate the function of the plasma (cell) membrane to its structure
Compare and contrast the structures of an animal cell to a plant cell
Compare and contrast the functions of autotrophs and heterotrophs
Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport mechanisms: ? diffusion ? osmosis ? endocytosis ? exocytosis ? phagocytosis ? pinocytosis
Describe the main events in the cell cycle, including the differences in plant and animal cell division: ? interphase ? mitosis ? cytokinesis
List in order and describe the stages of mitosis: ? prophase ? metaphase ? anaphase ? telophase.
Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Describe and model the conversion of stored energy in organic molecules into usable cellular energy (ATP): ? glycolysis ? citric acid cycle ? electron transport chain
Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: ? lactic acid fermentation ? alcoholic fermentation
Describe and model the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms: ? light dependent reactions ? light independent reactions
Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways
Apply Newtons second law of motion to solve motion problems that involve constant forces: F = ma
Apply Newtons third law of motion to explain action-reaction pairs
Solve problems involving constant and average velocity: t d v = t
Apply kinematic equations to calculate distance, time, or velocity under conditions of constant acceleration:
Calculate the components of a free falling object at various points in motion: v v a y f = i + 2 ? 2 2 Where a = gravity (g)
Compare and contrast contact force (e.g., friction) and field forces (e.g., gravitational force
Apply Newtons first law of motion to show balanced and unbalanced forces
Solve problems in circular motion by using centripetal acceleration:
Resolve two-dimensional vectors into their components: dx = d cos? d y = d sin?
Calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components:
Solve two-dimensional problems using balanced forces: W = ?sin? Where W = weight;? = tension
Solve two-dimensional problems using the Pythagorean Theorem or the quadratic formula: 2 2 2 a + b = c a
Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched at an angle: vx = vi cos? = constan
Apply kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched with initial horizontal velocity
Calculate rotational motion with a constant force directed toward the center: r mv
Relate radians to degrees: r ?s ?? = Where ?s = arc length; r = radius
Calculate the magnitude of torque on an object: ? = Fd(sin? ) Where ? = torque
Apply Newtons universal law of gravitation to find the gravitational force between two masses:
Calculate net work done by a constant net force: Wnet = Fnetd cos? Where W work
Solve problems relating kinetic energy and potential energy to the work-energy theorem: Wnet = ?KE
Solve problems through the application of conservation of mechanical energy: MEi = MEf mvi + mghi = mv f + mghf
Prove the relationship of time, energy and power through problem solving: t W P ? = P = Fv Where P = power; W = work; F = force; V = velocity; T = time
Solve problems using the impulse-momentum theorem: F?t = ?p or mv f mvi F?t = ? Where ?p = change in momentum; F?t = impulse
Compare total momentum of two objects before and after they interact
Calibrate the applied buoyant force to determine if the object will sink or float: FB = Fg (displacedfluid ) = mf g
Use the ideal gas law to predict the properties of an ideal gas under different conditions
Describe the following radiation emissions: alpha particles beta particles gamma rays positron particles
Construct models of instruments used to study, control, and utilize radioactive materials and nuclear processes
Research the role of nuclear reactions in society: transmutation nuclear power plants Manhattan Project
Distinguish between classical ideas of measurement and Heisenbergs uncertainty principle
Calculate the decay constant and the half-life of a radioactive substance
Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works
Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term theory used in general conversation
Summarize the guidelines of science: ? explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing ? hypotheses must be testable ? understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data ? scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance
Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation
Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations
Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome
Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables
Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation
Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations
Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome
Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables
Explain why scientific theories may be modified or expanded using additional empirical data, verification, and peer review
Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review
Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review
Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology
Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases
Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)
Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)
Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables
Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables
Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)
Compare and contrast physical science concepts in pure science and applied science
Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact
Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology
Describe in detail the methods used by scientists in their research
Compare and contrast biological concepts in pure science and applied science
Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact
Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology
Research and evaluate physical science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements salary availability of jobs working conditions
Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: ? educational requirements ? salary ? availability of jobs ? working conditions
Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works
Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term theory used in general conversation
Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing hypotheses must be testable understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance
Describe why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works
Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of hypotheses, theories and laws
Summarize the guidelines of science: results are based on observations, evidence, and testing hypotheses must be testable understandings and/or conclusions may change as new data are generated empirical knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance
Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation
Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations
Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome
Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables
Develop the appropriate procedures using controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation
Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations
Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome
Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics (e.g., percent yield, percent error)
Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review
Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology
Describe the relationship between the germ theory of disease and our current knowledge of immunology and control of infectious diseases
Relate the chromosome theory of heredity to recent findings in genetic research (e.g., Human Genome Project-HGP, chromosome therapy)
Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification and peer review
Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables
Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)
Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware)
Manipulate scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, charts, tables, and graphs
Compare and contrast human biology concepts in pure science and applied science
Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology
Compare and contrast the connections between pure science and applied science as it relates to physics
Give examples of scientific bias that affect outcomes of experimental results
Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact.
Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology
Research and evaluate health science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements salary availability of jobs working conditions
Research and evaluate careers in physics using the following criteria: educational requirements salary availability of jobs working conditions
Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works
Compare and contrast the criteria for the formation of scientific theory and scientific law
Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term theory used in general conversation
Summarize the guidelines of science: ? explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing ? hypotheses must be testable ? understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data ? scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance
Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation
Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to Arkansas Safety Lab Guide) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations
Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome
Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables
Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review
Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review
Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables
Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems
Compare and contrast chemistry concepts in pure science and applied science
Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economic, and political impact
Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology
Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria: ? educational requirements ? salary ? availability of jobs ? working conditions
Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures and tables
Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware)
Compare and contrast environmental concepts in pure science and applied science
Evaluate long-range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal for environmental, economical and political impact
Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology
Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria ? educational requirements ? salary ? availability of jobs ? working conditions
Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works
Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term theory used in general conversation
Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing hypotheses must be testable understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance
Examine the bonding and structural differences of organic compounds: alkanes CnH2n+2 alkenes CnH2n alkynes CnH2n?2 aromatic hydrocarbons cyclic hydrocarbons
Differentiate between the role and importance of aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons
Describe the functional groups in organic chemistry: halohydrocarbons alcohols ethers aldehydes ketones carboxylic acids esters amines amides amino acids nitro compounds
Name and write formulas for aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons
Differentiate among the biochemical functions of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
Describe the manufacture of polymers derived from organic compounds: polymerization crosslinking
Students shall explore the organizational structures of the body from the molecular to the organism level.
Describe relative positions, body planes, body regions and body quadrants
Identify the major body cavities and the subdivisions of each cavity
Investigate homeostatic control mechanisms and their importance to health and diseases
Predict the effect of positive and negative feedback mechanisms on homeostasis
Identify the major characteristics of life: metabolism responsiveness movement growth reproduction differentiation
Identify substances that are oxidized and substances that are reduced in a chemical reaction
Complete and balance redox reactions: assign oxidation numbers identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent write net ionic equations
Write equations for the reactions occurring at the cathode and anode in electrolytic conduction
Build a voltaic cell and measure cell potential: half-cells salt bridge
Explain the process of obtaining electricity from a chemical voltaic cell: line notation : anode (oxidation) ? cathode (reduction)
Calculate electric potential of a cell using redox potentials and predict product
Use redox potentials to predict electrolysis products and the electric potential of a cell
Compare and contrast the historical events leading to the evolution of the Periodic Table
Describe the arrangement of the Periodic Table based on electron filling orders: Groups Periods
Interpret periodic trends: atomic radius ionic radius ionization energy electron affinities electronegativities
Write formulas for binary and ternary compounds: IUPAC system Greek prefixes polyatomic ions
Predict the name and symbol for newly discovered elements using the IUPAC system
Calculate changes in thermal energy using: q = mc p?T Where q = heat energy, m = mass, p c = specific heat, ?T = change in temperature
Compare and contrast matter based on uniformity of particles: pure substances solutions heterogeneous mixtures
Distinguish between extensive and intensive physical properties of matter
Separate homogeneous mixtures using physical processes: chromatography
Design experiments tracing the energy involved in physical changes and chemical changes
Predict the chemical properties of substances based on their electron configuration: active inactive inert
Analyze how force affects motion: one-dimensional (linear) two-dimensional (projectile and rotational)
Calculate force, mass, and acceleration using Newtons second law of motion: F = ma Where F =force, m =mass, a =acceleration
Relate the Law of Conservation of Momentum to how it affects the movement of objects
Compare and contrast the effects of forces on fluids: Archimedes principle Pascals principle Bernoullis principle
Design an experiment to show conversion of energy: mechanical (potential and kinetic) chemical thermal sound light nuclear
Solve problems by using formulas for gravitational potential and kinetic energy: 2 2 KE = 1 mv PE = mgh Where KE = kinetic energy, PE = potential energy, m = mass, v = velocity
Solve problems using the formulas for speed and acceleration: t d v = t v a ? ? = Where a = acceleration, v = speed (velocity), ?t = change in time, ?v = change in velocity, t = time and d = distance
Interpret graphs related to motion: distance versus time (d-t) velocity versus time (v-t) acceleration versus time (a-t)
Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newtons first law of motion
Conduct investigations demonstrating Newtons second law of motion
Design and conduct investigations demonstrating Newtons third law of motion
Differentiate among the reflected images produced by concave, convex, and plane mirrors
Differentiate between the refracted images produced by concave and convex lenses
Calculate problems relating to wave properties: ? = vt T f 1 = v = f? Where ? = wavelength, f = frequency , T = period , v = velocity
Describe how the physical properties of sound waves affect its perception
Investigate the separation of white light into colors by diffraction
Illustrate constructive and destructive interference of light waves
Calculate electrical power using current and voltage: P = IV Where P = power, I = current , V = voltage
Calculate electrical energy using electrical power and time: E = Pt Where E = energy, P = power, t = time
Explain the use of electromagnets in step-up and step-down transformers
Explain heat transfer in the atmosphere and its relationship to meteorological processes: pressure winds evaporation precipitation
Compare and contrast meteorological processes related to air masses, weather systems, and forecasting
Describe the cycling of materials and energy: nitrogen oxygen carbon phosphorous hydrological sulfur
Balance chemical equations when all reactants and products are given
Use balanced reaction equations to obtain information about the amounts of reactants and products
Distinguish between limiting reactants and excess reactants in balanced reaction equations
Calculate stoichiometric quantities and use these to determine theoretical yields
Apply the mole concept to calculate the number of particles and the amount of substance: Avogadros constant = 23 6.02 10
Determine the empirical and molecular formulas using the molar concept: molar mass average atomic mass molecular mass formula mass
Given the reactants predict products for the following types of reactions: synthesis decomposition single displacement double displacement combustion
Distinguish between the terms solute, solvent, solution and concentration
Calculate the following concentration expressions involving the amount of solute and volume of solution: molarity (M) molality (m) percent composition normality (N)
Given the quantity of a solution, determine the quantity of another species in the reaction
Identify the physical state for each substance in a reaction equation
Explain the reciprocal relationships between Earths processes (natural disasters) and human activities
Predict the long-term societal impact of specific health, population, resource, and environmental iss
Investigate the effect of public policy decisions on health, population, resource, and environmental issues
Explain the impact of factors such as birth rate, death rate, and migration rate on population changes
Investigate the relationships between human consumption of natural resources and the stewardship responsibility for reclamations including disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste
Explain common problems related to water quality: conservation usage supply treatment pollutants (point and non-point sources)
Explain problems related to air quality: automobiles industry natural emissions
Evaluate the impact of different points of view on health, population, resource, and environmental issues: governmental economic societal
Research how political systems influence environmental decisions
Investigate which federal and state agencies have responsibility for environmental monitoring and action
Compare and contrast man-made environments and natural environments
Evaluate personal and societal benefits when examining health, population, resource, and environmental issues
Describe the structure, location, and function of each tissue category: epithelial connective nervous muscle
Calculate the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation
Calculate the magnification of lenses: p q h h M = ? ? = Where M = magnification; h? = image height; h = object height; q = image distance; p = object distance
Calculate distances and focal lengths for curved mirrors: p q R 1 1 2 + = Where p = object distance; q = image distance; R = radius of curvature
Draw ray diagrams to find the image distance and magnification for curved mirrors
Calculate the index of refraction through various media using the following equation: v c n = Where n = index of refraction; c = speed of light in vacuum; v = speed of light in medium
Use a ray diagram to find the position of an image produced by a lens
Solve problems using the thin-lens equation: p q f 1 1 1 + = Where q = image distance; p = object distance; f = focal length
Explain how force, velocity, and acceleration change as an object vibrates with simple harmonic motion
Calculate the spring force using Hookes law: F kx elastic = ? Where ? k = spring constant
Calculate the period and frequency of an object vibrating with a simple harmonic motion: g L T = 2? T f 1 = Where T = period
